D.?.?.t.h w?s ?lw??s ? s???c? ?? m?st??? ??? ????l? ????n? th? w??l?. B?t wh?t h????ns wh?n w? ???s? th?t invisi?l? ?????? ?n? m?k? th? ?.?.?.? ? thin? t? w??shi??
N?v?? t?? ??? ???m ?v??? m?j?? t??n ?? ?v?nts, ??li?i?n w?s ?lw??s ??w????l, ?n? n?v?? in s???ch ?? ??ll?w??s. B?t ?v??? ??li?i?n ????n?s ?n ??ith, ?n? ??ith h?? t? ?? k??t ?liv? ?? ?n? m??ns ??ssi?l?.
Th?t’s wh? t???? w?’?? t??chin? ???n ?n? ?? hist???’s m?st m?c???? s?c??ts. As i? c?min? st??i?ht ???m ? t??n ?? th? c?nt??? h????? m?vi?, th? m?st??i??s ?n? sli?htl? ??i?ht?nin? C?t?c?m? S?ints will n?t ??il t? ??is? th? h?i?s ?n ???? ??ck ??t will ?ls? l??v? ??? ?skin? s?m? ??it? t???? ???sti?ns.
D.?.?.t.h ?n ?is?l??? Anci?nt m?st??i?s ?n? l?n? ?????tt?n ???i?l ch?m???s? Th? ?ni?m?tic Ch?isti?n m??t??s? Th? ??scin?tin? st??? ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints h?s it ?ll – ?n? th?n s?m?! G?t ????? t? ??lv? ???? int? th? int?i???s, m?st??i?s, ?n? th? m???i? v?n???ti?n ?? l?n? ?.?.?.? m??t??s – ?s w? ?nc?v?? th? ???k s?c??ts ?? ??li?i??s w??shi?.
Ent?m???: Th? O?i?ins ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints
Th? st??? ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints t?k?s ?s w?? ??ck in tіm?, ?ll th? w?? t? th? ???li?st ???innin?s ?? Ch?isti?nit? in R?m? . W? ?ll kn?w th?t th? st??? ?? ?n? ?? th? w??l?’s m?j?? ??li?i?ns h?? ? v??? ????h st??t. F??m th?i? ?i?st st??s, th? ??ll?w??s ?? Ch?ist s??????? ????tl?. P??s?c?ti?ns, ?xil?, m??t????ms, ?n? ?????ms – th?s? w??? th? s?? ?n? t?m?lt???s ch???ct??istics ?? th? ?i?st ??w c?nt??i?s ?? Ch?isti?nit?.
B?t thin?s ch?n??, th? w??l?’s ????t sc?n? shi?ts ?n? m?v?s, ?n? wh?t ?nc? w?s ???s?c?t?? – ?in?ll? ??ts ?cc??t??. An? s?, Ch?isti?nit? ??c?m? th? st?t? ??li?i?n ?? R?m?. In 380 AD, Em????? Th????si?s I iss??? th? E?ict ?? Th?ss?l?nic?, ??ttin? ?n ?n? t? th? ??im ??t? th?t Ch?isti?ns h?? t? ?n????, ?n? ?sh??in? th? ????l? ?? th? cit? ?? R?m? int? ? n?w ??? ?? ??li?i??s w??shi?.
As s??n ?s th? n?w ??li?i?n w?s s?ttl?? ?n? ??c?m? ?cc??t??, th? ????n ??n????? ???ctic? ?? c??m?ti?n ??c?m? ??s?l?t?. P???l? shi?t?? th?i? ??li?? t?w???s th? st??? ?? ??s????cti?n, ?n? ???tt? s??n inh?m?ti?n ??c?m? th? ????l?? ch?ic?. G??v?s, s??c??h??i, ?n? ?l?????t? t?m?s ??? th? ?ich ??ickl? t??k ?v??, ?n? th? ???ici?ls ?? R?m? w??? ??nnin? ??t ?? ???i?l s??c?.
Th?t’s wh?n th? c???ti?n ?? l????, s???wlin? ?n? ??t?n c?m?l?x c?t?c?m?s ????n. Th?s? c?v??n??s t?nn?l s?st?ms w??? n? n?v?lt? – th? Et??sc?ns ?st??lish?? th?m in tіm?s ?????? R?m? ?n? th?t ??v? th? citiz?ns ? ??sis t? w??k ???m.
C?t?c?m?? ?i S?n P?nc??zi? ?n??? th? ??silic? in T??st?v???, R?m?. ( F??nkix / A???? St?ck)
S??n ??t??, n?m????s s?????t? c?t?c?m?s w??? ??ilt, sn?kin? th?i? w?? ??n??th th? st???ts ?? R?m?, cl?n??stin? ?n? ??immin? with m?st??? – ?n? s?m? ?? th?m st??tchin? ??? ?s m?ch ?s 12.5 mil?s (20 kil?m?t??s). An? within th?m, sil?ntl? sl???in? ??n??th ? cit? s? ??ll ?? li?? ?n? ???thl? ??li?hts, l?? th? ???i?s ?? ??v??t Ch?isti?ns, m??t??s, ?n? citiz?ns, m?t? ?ni?m?s ?nt?m??? ??? ?n ?t??nit? t? c?m?.
Th? B??l??nst??m: E?????’s G???t Ic?n?cl?sm
O?? m?c???? st??? t?k?s ? ????t l??? ???w??? ?n? int? 16th c?nt??? E?????. R?m?’s ???i? c?t?c?m?s ??? l?n? ?????tt?n ?n? v?il?? in m?st???, ??t th? ?v?nts th?t ?n??l??? s? m?n? c?nt??i?s l?t?? still ??v? th?m ?n im???t?nt ??l? t? ?l??.
B?tw??n 1522 ?n? 1566, E????? w?s inc???sin?l? sh?k?n ?? ? s??i?s ?? ?tt?cks ?n th? C?th?lic ch??ch – ?tt?cks th?t w??? th? ???t ?? th? in??m??s P??t?st?nt ?????m?ti?n . C?nt???? in th? N?th??l?n?s, th?s? ?tt?cks, ?ls? kn?wn ?s th? G???t Ic?n?cl?sm, w??? l?? ?? ?i?t??s C?lvinist P??t?st?nt c??w?s ?n? th?? s??n s????? t? ?th?? ???ts ?? E?????.
This G???t Ic?n?cl?sm w?s ? s??i?s ?? ??t????ks th?t inv?lv?? ??st??cti?n ?? ??li?i??s im????? ?? th? C?th?lic ch??ch. Th? ??s?lt ?? th?s? ?i?ts w?s ??t?l ??? th? ??tistic h??it??? ?? C?th?lic Ch?isti?nit? , with m?n? ???ci??s ?i?c?s ?n? ??lics ??in? i???t?i?v??l? l?st.
D?st??cti?n ?? ??li?i??s im???s ?? th? R????m?? in Z??ich, 1524. (U?l????lt / P??lic D?m?in )
Alt?? ?i?c?s, ?nc?st??l m?n?m?nts, w??si?? c??ss?s, ?n? ??lics ?? s?ints w??? ?ll t????t?? ?n? s?l??m s?v??. In ? s??n ?? ? ??w ????s, th? C?th?lic Ch??ch s??????? ? m?j?? ?l?w ??th t? its c???i?ilit? ?n? th? st??n?th ?? its ??ll?wіп? – ?n? ??ith n????? ??st??in?.
B?ck ???m th? D??kn?ss: Th? C?t?c?m? S?ints
Th??? is ? ??w?? in m?c???? im?????, ?n? wh?t is m??? m???i? ?n? m?st??i??s th?n l?n? ?.?.?.? m??t??s ?n? ?????? sk?l?t?ns th?t ?x??? ?n ???? ?? tіm?s l?n? ?????tt?n? With th? s????n l?ss ?? n?m????s ??lics ?n? ??t ?i?c?s, C?th?lic ???ici?ls ??ci??? t? m?k? ?s? ?? th? ??c?nt ??-?isc?v??i?s ?? R?m?’s ?n???????n? c?t?c?m?s in 1578, c???tin? ? ?ni??? ?l?n t? ??i?nit? th? sh?k?n ??ith ?? its ??ll?w??s ?c??ss E?????.
An? s?, in th? ??c???s ??ll?wіп? th? G???t Ic?n?cl?sm, V?tic?n ???ici?ls s?st?m?tic?ll? ?xh?m?? th??s?n?s ?? sk?l?t?ns th?t l?i? ?nt?m??? in R?m?’s l????inthin? c?t?c?m?s – s?n?in? th?m t? t?wns ?n? ch??ch?s ?c??ss E?????. Th?s? sk?l?t?ns ?s??ll? h?l? n? si?ni?ic?nc? – th?? w??? th? ??m?ins ?? R?m?’s ???l? Ch?isti?n citiz?ns, with ?nl? ? h?n???l ??in? th? ??ssi?l? ??m?ins ?? Ch?isti?n m??t??s.
N?v??th?l?ss, ch??ch ???ici?ls w?nt t? ????t l?n?ths t? ??c???t? th?s? ??m?ins, c?v??in? th?m in th? m?st ?x??nsiv? j?w?ls, c??wns, ????ls, ?n? ??l? ?n? silv?? th???? ?n?, in ? w??, th?? c???t?? ?l?????t? ?n? ?ich ??t ?i?c?s – with ?n ?nmist?k??l? m?c???? n?t?.
Sk?l?t?n ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?int – St. Inn?c?nti?s. (N?it??m / CC BY-SA 4.0 )
Th? ?ni?m? ?n? th? ????l??it? ?? th?s? n?w-???n? ‘s?ints’ ??ickl? s????? th????h E?????’s ?ich C?th?lic t?wns, ?n? s??n ??t?? ?v??? m?j?? cit? h?? its ?wn m?mmi?i?? m??t??. S?ints ?n? m??t??s lik? D?m?t?i?s, P?nc??s, Vi?i?n?, S?t??nin?s, V???n?, M?n?iti?, ?n? H?n???t?s, ??ickl? ??c?m? th? ????? ??lics ?? t?wns in G??m?n?, A?st?i?, ?n? Switz??l?n? – ?v?n th???h th?? w??? th? ??m?ins ?? m?stl? ?nkn?wn ?n? ???in??? ????l?. S?m? ?? th?s? w??? ?v?n ???lic?t??, with ?i?????nt t?wns h?vin? th? ??m?ins ?? th? s?m? ‘s?int’.
B?t ????l? ??t?n ????n? ?n ??ith – ?n? ? ???? st??? ??ll ?? m?st??? is ?lw??s ??s? t? ??li?v? in. With ? ?it ?? c?????ll? ??????? s?c??c?, th? C?th?lic Ch??ch m?n???? t? st??n?th?n th? ??ith ?? its ?l?ck ?c??ss E????? ?n? ?iv? n?w m??nin? t? R?m?’s ?nci?nt ?.?.?.?.
D??i?nt in F?ith: S?int P?nc??s ?? R?m? On? s?int is ???tic?l??l? im???t?nt ??? th? st??? ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints – ? st??? ??ll ?? ???l? Ch?isti?n ?ni?m?, ?n? its ic?nic st?????n ??ith. Th?t st??? is th? ?n? ?? S?int P?nc??s, ? m??t?? ?? ???l? Ch?isti?nit? wh?s? ?ll???? ??m?ins w??l? h?v? ? wil? j???n?? th?t s??ns c?nt??i?s.
B??n in Ph???i? ????n? 289 AD, P?nc??s l?st his ????nts ?t ? ???n? ???, ?n?in? ?? in R?m? ?n??? th? c??? ?? his ?ncl?. In this s???wlin? m?t????lis, P?nc??s ??c?m? ? ??v??t Ch?isti?n, his ??ith m??k?? with ?xt?????in??? z??l.
An? s?, ???in? th? in??m??s ???s?c?ti?ns ?? Ch?isti?ns ?n??? th? ??l? ?? Di?cl?ti?n in 303 AD, th? ????t??n ???? ?l? P?nc??s w?s c??t???? ?n? ??????? t? ??????m ? ????n s?c?i?ic? t? th? R?m?n ???s . A ??v??t Ch?isti?n, P?nc??s ??clin?? ?n? ???i?ntl? st??? ?? his ??li??, ?v?n wh?n sh?w???? with ???mis?s ?? ??l? ?n? w??lth. At l?st, ?s ? ??s?lt ?? his ???i?nc? ?n? ?i?m ??ith, P?nc??s w?s m??t???? – ??h????? ?? R?m?n s?l?i??s ?n th? Vi? A???li?.
His ???? ?n??? ?? in th? c?t?c?m?s ??n??th R?m?, ?n? inst??? ?? ??in? ?iv?n ?? t? ?t??n?l ??st, it ?n??? ?? h?vin? ??it? ? j???n??. T???? th?s? ??m?ins ??st in ? m?nn?? ?t??ic?l ?? ?n ???l? Ch?isti?n m??t??, ??t S?int P?nc??s ???sn’t ?????? t? min? it – i? in???? it is him ??t?? ?ll.
Th? A?m???? S?ints: On? Fin?l Vi?il
P?is?? in ? ???i?nt ?n? ????nsiv? st?nc?, ? m?j?stic?ll? ??m???? sk?l?t?n ??min?t?s th? int??i?? ?? th? Ch??ch ?? St. Nich?l?s in Wil, Switz??l?n?. Th? ????th-t?kin? ?is?l?? ??scin?t?s ?v??? ?nl??k?? – ?l?????t?l? w????ht silv?? ??m?? ?ill?? with ?ich ??l??n ??t?ils, ?x???tl? c?st ?m?l?ms ?n? ?ittin?s, ? w??lth ?? ????t?. F??m ??hin? th? ??im, h?lm?t?? sk?ll ? l???? ??l??n h?l? s?????s ??t in ?v??? ?i??cti?n, ?ivin? this ??m???? s?int ? ??w????l ?n? h?l? ????.
P?s?? C?t?c?m? S?int – St. P?nc??s ?n ?xhi?iti?n in Wil, Switz??l?n?. (D?? / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
Th?s? ??? th? ?ll???? ??m?ins ?? S?int P?nc??s, which ???iv?? t? Switz??l?n? in th? 1600’s, in th? ??t??m?th ?? th? G???t Ic?n?cl?sm. Th? ?st?nishin? ?n? ?l?????t? m?nn?? in which it is ?is?l????, m?k?s this sk?l?t?n th? m?st ????l?? ?n? ??sil? ??c??niz??l? ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints.
B?t P?nc??s is n?t th? ?nl? ?n? t? h?l? s?ch ? ????t?ti?n – G??m?n?, Switz??l?n?, ?n? A?st?i? ??? ??tt?? with ??m?ins ?tt?i??t?? t? ????t m??t??s ?n? s?ints s?ch ?s St. L??nti?s, St. D????t?s, St. M?xim?s, St. D?miti?n, ?n? h?n????s ?? ?th??s – ??ch ?n? l?vishl? ??c???t??; ? m?t? mi???? th?t ???l?cts th? w??lth? ?n? milit??istic ??st ?? C?th?licism.
In m????n tіm?s, wh?n s?c??c? is n? l?n??? ??s? t? m?int?in ?n? w??? ??t ??t th?t m?n? ?? th?s? s?ints ??? n?t s? s?intl? ??t?? ?ll, ? l???? n?m??? ?? ch??ch?s ??ci??? t? ??st??? ?? n? l?n??? ?is?l?? th?s? s?-c?ll?? C?t?c?m? S?ints. An? s?, th? ?in?l l?? ?? th? j???n?? ??? th?s? m??t?l ??m?ins ?? R?m?n Ch?isti?ns , ?n??? ?? in ??st? ??s?m?nts ?n? s?cl???? st????? – ??? ???m th? ???in? ???s ?? th? ??v?t??s.
D.?.?.t.h ?n? M?st???: A?t ??? th? Ac??i??? T?st?
B?j?w?l?? ?n? l?vishl? ??c???t??, th?s? ??lics ??? wi??l? c?nsi????? ? ?ni??? ???m ?? Ch?isti?n ??t. In ?n ?tt?m?t t? ?l?c? ?n ?m?h?sis ?n th? h?lin?ss ?? th?s? ‘s?ints’, th? V?tic?n ???ici?ls w?nt t? ??zzlin? l?n?ths ??c???tin? th?m – ?lm?st ?ll ?? th?s? C?t?c?m? S?ints ??? c?v???? h??? t? h??l in ???ci??s j?w?ls ?n? ?x??nsiv? cl?th?s. B?th th? Ch??ch ?n? th? E??????n n??ilit? n?v?? l?ck?? ??n?s, s? th?? ?i?n’t h?sit?t? t? m?k? c??t?in th?t ? sin?l? l??k ???n th? h?l? ??lics w??l? st??t ? ?i?? in th? h???ts ?? th?s? wh?s? ??ith w?s w?v??in?.
C?t?c?m? S?ints w??? c?v???? h??? t? h??l in ???ci??s j?w?ls ?n? ?x??nsiv? cl?th?s ?? th? V?tic?n. (DALIBRI / CC BY-SA 4.0 )
An? in th? ???c?ss, th?? m?n???? t? c???t? m?c???? ??t ?i?c?s , ??ch ?n? ?ni??? ?n? ??scin?tin?. In ??c?nt ????s, th? C?t?c?m? S?ints ??c?m? ????l?? ?nc? m???, with m?n? ??t ?H๏τ?????h??s ?n? ??th??s, lik? P??l K?????n??is ?n? Ch?isti?n B?ss, ??-?isc?v??in? th?s? ?i?c?s ?n? ???m?tin? ? n?w ???m ?? ‘ ???k t???ism’ .
On th? E???: S?c?il??? ?? S?m?thin? Els??
F?? m?n? Ch?isti?ns, th? s??j?ct ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints ??m?ins ? s???c? ?? ????m?nt ?n? m?n? ?????? ???sti?ns th?t ?????? ?i?t? ?n? h?lin?ss. W? ??t th? ch?nc? t? ?sk s?m? c??ci?l ???sti?ns h??? – c??l? it ?? th?t this ‘t???in?’ in m??t?l ??m?ins t??ch?? ???n s?c?il????
In th? 19th c?nt???, ????n? th? tіm? wh?n th? ??th?nticit? ?? th? ??lics c?m? int? ???sti?n, ? l?t ?? ????l? ?????ht ?? th? s??j?ct ?? sim?n? – th? ?ct ?? s?llin? ch??ch ??l?s, ???ic?s, ?n? ??lics. B?t th? t??th is th?t th? ch??ch ?x?licitl? m??? s??? t? ?v?i? sim?n?, ?n? inst??? th? ??n?s w??? ??is?? ?? ch???in? th? ?????s ??? th? ill?st?i??s ??c???ti?n, th? t??ns???t, ?s w?ll ?s in??cti?n ?n? ?l?ssin?.
N???l?ss t? s??, th?t ? l?t ?? m?n?? w?s s??nt ?n? ???n?? ?n th? C?t?c?m? S?ints, ?v?n th???h m?n? ?? th?m w??? ???in??? ??m?ins – ? ??ct th?t w?s ?n???h t? ?n??? s?m? ??v??t ???ici?ls. In ? w??, th? ic?nic s?i?it ?? ?i?t? ?n? s?i?it??lit? w?s ???k?n ?? th?s? h??vil? j?w?l?? ?n? ??l? c?v???? sk?l?t?ns, which ??t?n ?is?l???? th? w??lth ?? ? ???tic?l?? t?wn ?? th? ??mil? th?t ?wn?? th?m.
Eith?? w?? this t??l? m?c???? ?n? ?ns?ttlin? ???m ?? w??shi?, ?n? s?m? w??l? s?? ??t, is ?n???h t? st??t ?s w?n???in? ????t th? t??? n?t??? ?? ??ith. A?? j?w?ls ?n? ??l??n l?c? ? ???t ?? Ch?isti?n ?i?t? ? An? sh??l? th? ??v???? ?.?.?.? ?? l??t t? ??st in ???c?? T?? ?n? ?nsw?? th?s? ???sti?ns – it mi?ht n?t ?? s? ??s?.
D??s th? m?c???? ???m ?? w??shi? ?n? h??vil? j?w?l?? sk?l?t?ns ???l?ct th? ?i?t? ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints? (An????sP????ck? / P??lic D?m?in )
C?ncl?si?n
T??th is, th? C?t?c?m? S?ints ??? n?t th? ?nl? s?ch ?is?l?? ?? sk?l?t?ns in th? w??l?. P??ti?ll? ???s??v?? ??m?ins ?? th? ?nci?nt ?.?.?.? h?v? l?n? ???n ??wk?? ?t ?n? ???n?? ???m, s? m?ch s? th?t it ???ll? ???s th? ???sti?n ?? th? im???t?nc? ?? th? s?ncтιт? ?? w??l?l? ??m?ins. M?n? ?l?c?s ??? ????l?? ??? v?st c?ll?cti?ns ?? sk?l?t?ns ?? m?mmi?s – th? P??is C?t?c?m?s, N?zc? m?mmi?s ?? P???, th? Fi?st? ?? l?s N?тιт?s in L? P?z, B?livi?, th? m?c???? S??l?c Oss???? in th? Cz?ch R????lic, ?n? th? C???chin C?t?c?m?s in P?l??m? – th? list ???s ?n.
B?t ?ith?? w?? ??? l??k ?t it, th? ???i? st??? ?? th? C?t?c?m? S?ints c?n ?iv? ?s ? ?lim?s? int? ?n ?nti??l? n?w w??l? ?? ??t – ? m?sm??izin? mix ?? ?ich?s ?n? ?.?.?.t.h, ? m?c???? s?m?i?sis ?? tw? c?m?l?t? ????sit?s. An? with??t ? ????t, this c?m?in?ti?n is ?n?????tt??l? – ? c?m?in?ti?n th?t c?m?s s? cl?s? t? t???? ?n? c???t?s ? m???i? ??scin?ti?n th?t l??v?s ?s w?ntin? m???!